Economic Systems (Repost)

Radio talk show hosts, blogs, and other forms of news dissemination, noting the growth of government in the first two months of the Obama administration have been calling President Obama a socialist. I even heard one talk show host refer to his supporters as Obamunists. Such complaints made their way through a New York Times reporter to the president, who gave a dismissive answer. Joe Curl writing for the Washington Post in "Obama makes Oval Office call to reporters," explains that President Obama has become concerned that his answer was inadequate.

President Obama was so concerned that he had appeared to dismiss a question from New York Times reporters about whether he was a socialist that he called the newspaper from the Oval Office to clarify his policies. "It was hard for me to believe that you were entirely serious about that socialist question," he told reporters, who had interviewed the president aboard Air Force One on Friday.

Below I have provided definitions of several economic systems and a little information about the economists providing the definitions.You can decide which system best describes the collection of policies thus far expressed by the Obama administration.

From the Concise Encyclopedia of Economics, in an article titled "Socialism," Robert Heilbroner defines socialism.

Socialism—defined as a centrally planned economy in which the government controls all means of production—was the tragic failure of the twentieth century. Born of a commitment to remedy the economic and moral defects of capitalism, it has far surpassed capitalism in both economic malfunction and moral cruelty.

The "About the Author" section of the article states,

Robert Heilbroner, a socialist for most of his adult life, was the Norman Thomas Professor of Economics (emeritus) at the New School for Social Research and author of the best-seller The Worldly Philosophers. He died in 2005.

Milton Friedman the Nobel Prize Laureate in Economics who supported capitalism in the popular press in Capitalism and Freedom (The University of Chicago Press, 1962, pg. 5.) writes,

As it developed in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the intellectual movement that went under the name of liberalism emphasized freedom as the ultimate goal and the individual as the ultimate entity in society. The kind of economic organization that provides economic freedom directly, namely competitive capitalism, also promotes political freedom because it separates economic power from political power and in this way enables the one to offset the other. History suggests only that capitalism is a necessary condition for political freedom. Clearly it is not a sufficient condition.

Robert Hessen, who writes on business and economic history, and is a senior research fellow at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution writes in the Concise Encyclopedia of Economics ("Capitalism") that

Capitalism,” a term of disparagement coined by socialists in the mid-nineteenth century, is a misnomer for “economic individualism,” which Adam Smith earlier called “the obvious and simple system of natural liberty” (Wealth of Nations).

Sheldon Richman, the editor of The Freeman: Ideas on Liberty at the Foundation for Economic Education, writes for the Concise Encyclopedia of Economics ("Fascism")

As an economic system, fascism is socialism with a capitalist veneer.

Where socialism sought totalitarian control of a society’s economic processes through direct state operation of the means of production, fascism sought that control indirectly, through domination of nominally private owners. Where socialism nationalized property explicitly, fascism did so implicitly, by requiring owners to use their property in the “national interest”—that is, as the autocratic authority conceived it.

George Reisman, writing for the Mises Daily in "What is Interventionism?," describes interventionism,

Interventionism is any act of government that both represents the initiation of physical force and, at the same time, stops short of imposing an all-round socialist economic system, in which production takes place entirely, or at least characteristically, at the initiative of the government. In contrast to socialism, interventionism is a system in which production continues to take place characteristically, at the initiative of private individuals, including private corporations, and is motivated by the desire to earn private profit. Interventionism exists in the framework of a market economy, though, as von Mises puts it, such a market economy is a hampered market economy.